Thiel, J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1951-1678
Staudt, A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-1999
Grummt, S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-1456
Sedlmayr, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-8460
Henke, E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-2676
Weidner, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-8147
Funding for this research was provided by:
Technische Universität Dresden
Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 2 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical Statement: The study protocol was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the ethics committee (SR-EK-479112023/2024) at the Faculty of Medicine of the Technical University Dresden. Consent to participate This study was approved by the relevant ethics committee, ensuring compliance with § 29 (3) 1 SächsKHG, which permits data processing for research when the public interest outweighs individual data protection concerns. The patient data from the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden was anonymized before the data was provided to the research team. Identifiable details were modified (e.g., age grouped in 5-year categories, postal codes truncated) to prevent re-identification. No external data sharing occurred. Given these safeguards, explicit patient consent was not required. No Need for informed consent was waived by ethics committee (SR-EK-479112023/2024).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.