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Authors
Xie, Xinzhou
Lin, Yanjun
Bai, Qiyu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (71633001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72304018)
Postdoctoral Research Support Program at the Communication University of China (CUC24BH05)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2023
Accepted: 9 September 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: Approval was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the School of New Media at Peking University. The ethics approval reference number is 202102. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, and informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
