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Authors
Costa, Tiago Filipe Oliveira
Moreno Poyato, Antonio Rafael
Costa, Patrício Ricardo Soares
Sequeira, Carlos Alberto da Cruz
Lluch Canut, María Teresa
Sampaio, Francisco Miguel Correia
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2024
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Oviedo Convention were respected. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Universitat de Barcelona (Institutional Review Board: IRB00003099; date: 21 February 2021) and the Ethics Committee of the Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing (Institutional Review Board: CEASPESM_1/2023; date: 10 March 2023). Adolescents provided written informed consent, and legal guardians authorised minors’ participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
