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Authors
Sturrock, Beattie R. H.
Dema, Emily
Pérez, Raquel Bosó
Stanley, Lorraine
Gibbs, Jo
Sonnenberg, Pam
Mitchell, Kirstin R.
Mercer, Catherine H.
Field, Nigel
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health Research
UCL-Birkbeck MRC Doctoral Training Programme (MR/ N013867/1)
Medical Research Council (MC_ST_00022)
Wellcome Trust (212931/Z/18/Z)
Economic and Social Research Council
UCL Coronavirus Response Fund
Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit (MC_UU_00022/3; SPHSU18)
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2024
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: Natsal-COVID surveys 1 and 2 were approved by LSHTM Research Ethics Committee (reference 22565) and University of Glasgow Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences College Ethics Committee (reference 20019174) and participants provided consent via a consent form. The MSc project on which this paper expands was also approved by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) MSc Ethics Committee (reference 28462). This study was carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
