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Authors
Guo, Tong
Meng, Fanchao
Liang, Sixiang
Zhao, Guangwei
Liu, Jun
Wang, Xue
Zhang, Ling
Wang, Gang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing Anding Hospital Science Foundation (No. 12-2024)
2023 Sprout Science and Technology Innovation Fund by Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. 13-2024)
STI2030-Major Projects (2021ZD0200600)
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: CHARLS was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University, and all participants provided informed consent prior to enrollment.
: Not applicable. There is no individual level data in our publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
