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Authors
Mani, Sneha Sarah
Riang’a, Roselyter Monchari
Nagarajan, Niranjani
Ngugi, Anthony K.
Mwangi, Eunice Muthoni
Gichu, Muthoni
Mwangala, Patrick N.
Miguel, Edward
Walker, Michael
Langa, Kenneth M.
Ehrlich, Joshua R.
Gross, Alden L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIA (R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042, R21AG077042)
University of Michigan Center for Global Health Equity; Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Network (U24AG065182, U24AG065182, U24AG065182)
Michigan Center on the Demography of Aging’s HRS Partner Studies Network (P30AG012846, P30AG012846, P30AG012846)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Institutional Scientific and Ethical Review Committee at Aga Khan University, Kenya, and the Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan reviewed and approved the LOSHAK study protocol and survey instruments. All participants provided written informed consent. This study adheres to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All authors provide consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
