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Authors
Wang, Tingting
Liu, Jing
Jiang, Jinxia
Liu, Xianliang
Zhang, Runa
Song, Zihe
Duan, Xia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Medical Trade Union Survey Research Key Project in 2023 (2023YGL08)
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Healthcare Hospital (No. KS23165), and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the questionnaire. All human data was anonymous and confidential.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
