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Accessibility of Ontario pharmacies offering COVID-19 vaccination by rurality, community material deprivation, and ethnic concentration: a repeated cross-sectional geospatial analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24929-w

Published Online: 2025-11-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Alsabbagh, Mhd Wasem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-9528
Wieland, Markus https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2209-1603
Pan, Shayna

Waite, Nancy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-9843
Houle, Sherilyn K.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-4357
Grindrod, Kelly
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-12

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-12
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Article History

Received: 21 May 2024

Accepted: 15 September 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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