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Authors
Izudi, Jonathan
Muchiri, Evans
Musyoka, Dennis
Simiyu, Sheillah
Tumwebaze, Innocent K.
Mbaya, Nelson
Sidze, Estelle
Musau, Kelvin
Abajobir, Amanuel
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Article History
Received: 26 May 2024
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: We obtained ethical approval from the APHRC Internal Review Board (reference number: DOR/2022/057) and the African Medical and Research Foundation Research Ethics Committee (reference number: P1302-2022), and a research permit from the National Commission of Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI reference number: NACOSTI/P/22/22045). All participants gave informed consent, either in writing or by thumbprint, after receiving information on the purpose of the evaluation study, voluntary participation, possible risks and benefits, privacy and confidentiality of information, and dissemination of the findings. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, which emphasizes the ethical principles for human subject research, namely beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
