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Authors
Leung, Claudia L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3389-9115
Goka, Priscilla Kukua https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5766-0452
Atangongo, Barnabas https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1081-2648
Bingle, Mansur Mohammed Musah https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5570-6997
Adu, Ishmael https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9844-7412
Atchulo, Abdul Rashid
Boateng, Laud
Huang, Keng-Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-7614
Laiteerapong, Neda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0124-4325
Limann, Gbana
Volerman, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-1098
Amadu, Peter Mintir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7501-9804
Koomson, William Frank Hill https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-028X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (D43TW012275)
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Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 11 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in compliance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the Tamale Teaching Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Study ID: TTHERC/20/11/23/02) and the New York University Langone Health Institutional Review Board (Study ID: i23-00955). Participants provided personal or parental written informed consent for participation in this study.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: CLL reports funding from the NIH Research Training Grant #D43TW012275, supported by the NIH Fogarty International Center, which funded this project. KYH was the co-principal investigator of this training grant. PMA serves in a leadership role at Total Life Enhancement Centre Ghana (TOLECGH), a community-based mental health organization in Tamale, Ghana. AV reports funding from the Illinois Department of Public Health. AV has also received honoraria from the American Academy of Pediatrics and holds leadership roles in the Illinois Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. All other authors declare no competing interests.
