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Authors
Li, Yu
Zheng, Kangtai
Xu, Qin
Xie, Lingling
Lu, Huaiwu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82573397)
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515013255)
Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation (Y-Young2022- -0145)
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Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: We derived data from Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 for analysis. The use of anonymized, publicly available epidemiologic data did not require ethical approval, and patient informed consent forms were not necessary when accessing and downloading the data from the database.
: This study was a retrospective, observational cohort analysis utilizing the openly accessible Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. Consequently, the consent was not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
