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Authors
Duan, Yuqi
Sun, Minghao
cheng, Chuanlong
Yu, Shengnan
Song, Sihao
Cheng, Jun
Li, Xiujun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC2604400, 2023YFC2604400, 2023YFC2604400, 2023YFC2604400, 2023YFC2604400, 2023YFC2604400)
Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China (2025CXPT138, 2025CXPT138)
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2023
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: The data used for this paper belongs to infectious disease surveillance data and does not involve personal privacy or ethical considerations. Therefore, ethics approval and consent to participate were not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
