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Authors
Chen, Hang-Cheng
Hsu, Wen-Ying
Shih, Hong-Mo
Lin, Wen-Ling
Wu, Shih-Hao
Ho, Wen-Chao
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CMUH113 REC3-075). The need for informed consent from study participants was waived by the Research Ethics Committee, China Medical University & Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data, ensuring participant anonymity and confidentiality. All procedures were executed in accordance with ethical standards outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
