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Authors
Aman, Sarah
Ahmad, Noor-us-Sabah
Sadiq, Mohammad Ali A.
Moin, Mohammad
Khan, Asad Aslam
Khan, Muhammad Ismail
Awan, Zahid
Watts, Elanor
Arteaga, Sergio Latorre
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study involved the retrospective analysis of de-identified programmatic data collected during a school-based vision screening initiative conducted by the Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Ethical approval for secondary data analysis was granted by the Institutional Review Board of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. The need for written informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective and anonymized nature of the data. Research was carried out in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: Elanor Watts is a research consultant for Peek Vision, and Sergio Lattore Arteaga is the Head of Data Insights at Peek Vision, United Kingdom. They had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. All other authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.
