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Authors
Hu, Peng
Du, Hongliang
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 30 September 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted with human participants and complied with the ethical principles described in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the CHARLS was obtained from Peking University's Biomedical Ethics Review Committee (Approval No. IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent prior to their participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
