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Authors
Luo, Zheng
Xue, Jie
Zhang, Yan
Chen, Yichen
Fan, Aiqing
Liu, Ru
Jia, Wenchang
Wu, Xiaoling
Wang, Qizhe
Lv, Huihui
Bi, Yong
Li, Xiaopan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Special Disease Construction Project of Pudong Health and Family Planning Commission of Shanghai (PWZzb2022-20)
Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (202340293)
Shanghai Pudong New Area Leading Health System Personnel Training Program (PWR12023-06)
the Key Discipline Construction Project of Pudong Health and Family Planning Commission of Shanghai (PWYts2021-02)
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Our study did not involve intervention on participants. The need for informed consent was waived and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IRB#2016–04-0586). We ensured strict confidentiality of the data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
