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Authors
Kennedy, David P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7742-1792
Brown, Ryan A.
D’Amico, Elizabeth J.
Dickerson, Daniel L.
Johnson, Carrie L.
Malika, Nipher
Rodriguez, Anthony
Arvizu-Sanchez, Virginia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
National Institutes of Health (UH3DA050235)
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2023
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures were approved by the RAND Human Subjects Protection Committee (HSPC, FWA00003425) and by the project’s Urban Intertribal Native American Review Board, which assured compliance with the regulations of 16 federal departments and agencies. Prior to consenting to become a study participant, each individual was provided with information about their rights as participants and informed that participation in the study was voluntary. All informed consent procedures were reviewed and approved by the project IRBs.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
