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Authors
Nalugya, Joyce S.
Bangirana, Paul
Nakasujja, Noeline
Tumwine, James K.
Babirye, Juliet N.
Ssembajjwe, Wilber
Ndeezi, Grace
Engebretsen, Ingunn M. S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center (Grant Number D43TW010132)
Reserach Council of Norway (RCN 285489)
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It received ethical approval from the Makerere University School of Medicine Higher Degrees Research Ethics Committee (SOMREC #REC REF 2018-095), the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST #SS5103), and the Regional Committees for Medical Research Ethics in Norway (REC West #107632 and REC South East #50146). Permission was also obtained from relevant authorities in Mbale district administration and the head teachers of participating schools. Informed consent was obtained from parents, and assent was provided by child participants in an age-appropriate manner. Children identified with alcohol use problems or mental health conditions were offered counseling, reassurance, and psychoeducation, while their parents were referred for further support at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
