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Authors
Rapino, Carmela https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5845-4197
Nagy, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5161-3654
Saeed, Sahar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-379X
Alvarado, Beatriz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-405X
Szumlanski, Nicole
Kamotho, Miriam
Guan, T. Hugh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-910X
Martinez-Cajas, Jorge https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2847-7823
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
OHTN (EFP-1128-BNG)
Ontario HIV Treatment Network (EFP-1128-BNG)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 2 June 2026
Declarations
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: The research study was approved by the Queen’s University Health Sciences and Affiliated Teaching Hospitals Research Ethics Board (HSERB) form (TRAQ# DMED-2650–22), in accordance with the Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans – TCPS 2.Use of electronic medical record data for secondary analysis was waived from obtaining informed participant consent under TCPS 2, Article 3.7A and Article 3.7B.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
