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Article History

Received: 13 June 2025

Accepted: 10 October 2025

First Online: 20 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors confirm that all procedures involved in this study adhere to the ethical standards guideline outlined in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the CHINTA Research Bangladesh Ethics committee [Ref: chinta/2024/08(1)]. Prior to data collection, approval was secured from relevant school authorities, including principals and class teachers, to ensure institutional support and ethical alignment. Informed consent statement was obtained from the students and their parents/legal guardians. This ensured that participation was voluntary and based on informed decision-making. Both student assent and parental consent were mandatory for participation, and students were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Additionally, no financial compensation or incentives were provided to participants in accordance with ethical standards for recruitment practices. These measures were implemented to uphold the integrity and ethical rigor of the research process.

: Not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.