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Authors
Heydari, Maryam https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9177-5698
Pashaeypoor, Shahzad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-3783
Negarandeh, Reza https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-5094
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Approval Code: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1400.222). Prior to participation, all individuals received detailed information about the study’s objectives and procedures to support informed decision-making. Participant confidentiality was strictly upheld: personal data were anonymized, securely stored, and accessible only to authorized research personnel. Verbal assent was obtained from adolescent participants, and written informed consent was obtained from their parents in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki [ ], as all participants were under the age of 18.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
