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Authors
Ajaero, Ijeoma D.
Nwachukwu, Chidiebere A.
Oramah, Chinwe P.
Ajaero, Chukwuedozie K.
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study is a secondary analysis of anonymous data from the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) conducted by the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The survey was approved in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 2024, by the National Health Research Ethics Committees in the Federal Ministry of Health of all the countries used, and the Ethics Committee of the Opinion Research Corporation Macro International (ORC Macro Inc., Calverton, USA). All participants gave their signed or thumb-printed written informed consent to take part in the MIS survey. Permission to use the MIS datasets in this study was obtained from ORC Macro Inc. All participants gave their signed or thumb-printed written informed consent to take the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
