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Authors
Qeadan, Fares
Shimizu, Sydney
Thornquist, Rose
Markossian, Talar
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study analyzed publicly available, de-identified NSDUH data. The Loyola University Institutional Review Board determined the project to be exempt under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4) (secondary research) (Protocol LU# 219829). As the analysis used de-identified public data, informed consent was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
