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Authors
Yin, Guohuan
Zhao, Shuanzheng
Wu, Jingtao
Xu, Qun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2025-PUMCH-C-005)
Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2022-JKCS-11)
Environmental and Health Investigation, Monitoring and Risk Assessment in Key Regions — 2019 Population Health Surveillance Data Quality Audit Project (21111011101-HJJKDC-2019-02)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and the CIOMS/WHO International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans (2016; updated 2021), and complied with the Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (NHFPC of the PRC, 2016). Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Approval No. 056-2019). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants; data were de-identified prior to analysis and used solely for research purposes.
: All authors consent when it is published.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
