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Authors
Zhan, Dinghua
Deng, Boning
Wang, Yixiang
Wang, Yaqi
Li, Qiang
Mayvaneh, Fatemeh
Zhang, Yunquan
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Article History
Received: 8 August 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Change Date: 16 December 2024
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: an Equal contribution note was added.
Declarations
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: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in Khorasan, Iran (No. IR.MEDSAB.REC.1433.98). Individual informed consent was waived due to the use of fully de-identified and anonymized data from the national birth registry.
: The research team affirms full transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest, having conducted a thorough review that identified no financial or non-financial affiliations capable of introducing bias into this investigation.
: Not applicable.
