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Article History

Received: 25 May 2025

Accepted: 18 October 2025

First Online: 14 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval No. 2022-139-01; 26 July 2022). All participants were fully informed about the study and provided written informed consent prior to participation. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all relevant ethical guidelines.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.