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Authors
Thomas, Jakana
Johns, Nicole E
Li, Annika
Kully, Gennifer
Raj, Anita
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Blue Shield of California Foundation
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Accepted: 18 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: All participants provided consent to NORC for inclusion in the survey panel at the time of enrollment, and they could opt out of the panel at any time. Participants are also able to opt out of the VEX surveys entirely or at any time during survey participation. All study procedures were reviewed and approved by institutional review boards at the University of Chicago, University of California San Diego, and Tulane University. Study procedures we conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
