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Authors
Wang, Kai
Liu, Wendong
Zhu, Hongfei
Tang, Yifan
Ji, Hong
Wang, Ying
Zhu, Liguo
Ling, Chengxiu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Post-graduate Research Fund at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (PGRS2112022, PGRS2112022)
“333 Project” of Jiangsu Province (2024YFC2310403)
Top Talent Awards Project Fund (RDF-TP-0023)
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 18 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research involved human data on cases of scarlet fever that were performed by the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University ethics committee (0010000089620241213145342). All data of cases used in this study were anonymised, and personal identification information (e.g., name and ID number) was not included. Thus, the Ethics Review Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University granted a waiver of written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
