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Authors
Xu, Wei
Li, Mingjie
Ma, Xiang
Lei, Kai
Shi, Wanping
Liu, Zuojin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Spark Plan for Clinical Research Innovation and Development in Cancer Treatment (XH-C009)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82370672)
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Article History
Received: 10 January 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The CHARLS study was ethically reviewed and approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (Approval no. IRB00001052–11015), and all participants provided informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
