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Authors
Yamashita, Mari
Edahiro, Ayako
Nishi, Mariko
Okamura, Mutsuko
Kugimiya, Yukiko
Sakurai, Hana
Nagano, Nobuko
Ito, Kae
Okamura, Tsuyoshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Labor Sciences Research Grant (24GB1003, 24GB1003, 24GB1003)
Tokyo Metropolitan Government,
Institute of Health and Life Sciences (25-josei-ito, 25-josei-ito)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (approval number: R24-132). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The questionnaire included information about the study’s purpose, procedures, and data protection measures, along with a consent section. Written informed consent was implied by the participants’ completion and return of the questionnaire.
: Not applicable. No identifiable personal information is included in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
