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Authors
Polrob, Warunya
La-up, Aroon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
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Article History
Received: 9 June 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by Mahidol University Central Institutional Review Board (MU-CIRB). The approval number was MU-CIRB 2024/439.0111. This study was conducted in full accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national guidelines. The requirement for informed consent was formally waived by the MU-CIRB as the research was based on a retrospective analysis of anonymized and aggregated secondary data with no personal identifiers.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
