Biresaw, Hailegebrael Birhan
Mulugeta, Solomon Sisay
Yismaw, Minilik Derseh
Fenta, Setegn Muche
Masresha, Bezanesh Melese
Fentaw, Kenaw Derebe
Addisia, Gedam Derbew
Abebe, Koyachew Bitew
Ejigu, Legesse Alamerie
Article History
Received: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study used anonymized secondary data from the MDHS, approved by the Mauritania National Ethics Committee and ICF International’s IRB. Data collection followed the Helsinki Declaration, and the publicly available da ta, accessed with DHS approval, contains no identifying information.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.