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Authors
Fu, Yu
Kong, Fei
Kayimu, Kailibinuer
Hao, Guimin
Luo, Haining
Sun, Yun
Xu, Yanwen
Lu, Meisong
Cao, Yunxia
Zhao, Junli
Liu, Xiru
Wu, Ze
Liu, Fang
Tian, Tian
Wang, Yuanyuan
Qiao, Jie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (23&ZD184)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2705305)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82204052)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82288102)
Peking University Third Hospital (BYSYDL2024003)
Peking University Third Hospital (BYSYDL2022001)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (IRB00006761-M2021392). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the survey.
: Not applicable.
: Dr.Qiao reports grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Peking University Third Hospital during the conduct of this study. Dr.Wang reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Peking University Third Hospital during the conduct of this study. All other authors declare no competing interests.
