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Authors
Saad, Salama Habibu
Tuerganbayi, Kunduzi
Shadrack, Salumu Masuwa
Zhou, Zhou
Chen, Shiting
Shi, Jinyi
Kamara, Justus
Saad, Swahibath
Zou, Jianjun
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Article History
Received: 13 July 2025
Accepted: 26 October 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was reviewed and approved by the Musoma Municipal Council Hospital (Re: HMM/D.30/4/08). All research was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all prospective participants prior to their enrollment in the study. The consent process involved a detailed verbal and written explanation of the studies purpose, procedures, potential benefit to public health, and the assurance of anonymity, confidentiality, and that no personal identifiers would be collected or stored. Participants were explicitly informed that their participation was entirely voluntary, that they had the right to withdraw at any time without any consequence to their medical care.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
