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Article History

Received: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study used publicly available, anonymized data from national and local health surveillance systems. No identifiable personal information was involved. In accordance with the relevant guidelines, ethics approval was not required. This was confirmed by the authors’ institutional policy. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Given that the study involved anonymized and publicly available data, individual consent to participate was not required. This is consistent with the applicable regulations in the authors’ jurisdiction.

: The authors declare no competing interests.