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Article History

Received: 14 June 2025

Accepted: 29 October 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This research analyzed de-identified information downloaded from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey public database. The National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Committee granted ethics approval. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (declaration of Helsinki). All individuals provided written informed consent before participating in the study. Therefore, it does not require clinical trial registration. As such, clinical trial number: not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.