Sanborn, Jenna
Qasmieh, Saba
Penrose, Kate
Parcesepe, Angela
Shen, Yanhan
Piltch-Loeb, Rachael
Nuñez, Josefina
Nash, Denis
Robertson, McKaylee
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2C HD050924)
National Institute of Mental Health (RF1MH132360)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UH3AI133675)
Pfizer Inc
CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health
COVID-19 Grant Program of the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy
Article History
Received: 2 October 2024
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the City University of New York (CUNY). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, with informed consent obtained from all study participants.
: Not applicable.
: DN received consulting fees from Abbvie and Gilead and has a research grant from Pfizer for his institution (CUNY SPH). The other authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of this study, in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, in the writing of this manuscript, or in the decision to publish these results.