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Authors
Wei, Siying
Yue, Yan
Yang, Jiayu
Dan, Jiayue
He, Kangle
Xie, Xiaofeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72271172)
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (21YJC630142)
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: Pursuant to Article 32, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (issued February 18, 2023): Research projects falling under the following categories may be exempt from ethical review: (i) Research utilizing legally obtained publicly available data, or data derived from the observation of non-interventional public behavior; (ii) Research conducted using anonymized information/data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
