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Authors
Callaway, Julia
Strozza, Cosmo
Christensen, Kaare
Doblhammer, Gabriele
Rau, Roland
Søgaard, Jes
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern Denmark
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Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilised publicly available data from the Human Mortality Database and Global Burden of Disease database. No primary data collection involving human subjects was conducted. As all data were already in the public domain and de-identified, institutional review board approval was not required for this analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
