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Authors
Abdul Raob, Noor Asilati
Mohd Radzi, Nawwal Alwani
Nik Mohamed, Mohamad Haniki
Md Sabri, Budi Aslinie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The MyRA Research Grant Scheme, an internal grant by Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). (Grant No: 600-RMC 5/3/GPM (087/2023))
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Research Management Centre, REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/272).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
