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Authors
Wang, Guiyue
Qiu, Linjie
Wang, Zhili
Liu, Jianxun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (82030124)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: The studies involving humans were approved by public databases-China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Besides, the protocols of CHARLS were approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
