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Authors
Wright, Tanya
Tavernor, Jay
Tajuria, Gulshan
Rodenhurst, Katharine
Lloyd, Susan
Northfield, Phillip
McIver, Claire
Sandbach, Emma
Martino, Orsolina I.
Hemuka, Ngozika Jane
Copp, Jason
Stewart, Antony
Wilkie, Ross
Campbell, Paul
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIHR West Midlands Clinical Research Network Improvement and Innovation funding programme
NIHR West Midlands Clinical Research Network Improvement and Innovation funding programme.
NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands.
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2024
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The surveys were performed as internal service evaluations within each Local Authority Public Health team and as such did not require ethical approval. However, ethical principles, including informed consent and the provision of participant information leaflets, were applied in the administration of each survey. This current study was the analysis of secondary, anonymised data from the surveys and therefore no ethical approval was required. However, again, ethical principles and considerations were applied for the use of this secondary data. For a full description of this study’s ethical considerations please see Additional file 2, Appendix A.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
