Chen, Venessa
Turpin, Gnilane
Syarif, Omar
Looze, Pim
Rao, Amrita
Lyons, Carrie
Moran, Hector
Lalak, Katarzyna
Anoubissi, Jean de Dieu
Chiu, Fletcher
Brion, Sophie
Dunaway, Keren
Sprague, Laurel
Garcia de Leon Moreno, Carlos
Ocheret, Daria
Makoni, Tatenda
Mwareka, Tonderai
Baral, Stefan
Rucinski, Katherine
Funding for this research was provided by:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH132150)
National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH129226)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI170249)
Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (Approval number MRCZ/A/2739). Interviewers received written informed consent from participants who received information sheets, details of the study and its objectives, and privacy and confidentiality of data in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Analyses of secondary data was reviewed by Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Board and determined exempt from human subjects research (IRB0007442).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.