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Article History

Received: 12 August 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 12 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute of Advanced Nursing Education and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Approval No: IRB No Expo NIA-S-172). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their guardians prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary and confidentiality was maintained throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.