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Authors
Ibraheem, Olusola Monsurat
Oyadeyi, Oluwadamilola Adeola
Lawal, Esther Oluwatosin
Omobowale, Olubukola
Olalemi, Oluwatoyin Elizabeth
Jegede, Ayodele Samuel
Aderinto, Adeyinka Abideen
Adewole, Isaac Folorunso
Francis, Suzanna C.
Watson-Jones, Deborah
Morhason-Bello, Imran Oludare
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Revitalization Scholarship Fund at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan and Epigenetic study of oral HPV infection-associated oral cancer in people living with HIV in Nigeria (R01CA274952)
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee (Approval No. LSHTM 9736-3), the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ethical Review Committee (Approval No. UI/EC/16/005), and the Oyo State Research Ethics Review Committee (Approval No. AD13/479/712). All procedures adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants included in the study were aged between 18 and 45 years, and the legal age of adulthood in Nigeria is 18, meaning all individuals were legally able to provide informed consent (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. For individuals with lower literacy levels, the consent process was verbally explained before signatures or thumbprints were obtained. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any stage without consequence, and confidentiality was ensured through the use of anonymised transcripts and secure data storage. No participants under the age of 16 were recruited into this study.
: Not applicable, as this study does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
