Ojomo, Qudus A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-2374
Okafor, Ukamaka G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-5672
Onedo, Titilayo A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-9174
Adedapo, Margaret O. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2140-4100
Nyalas-Omeire, Dorcas https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4029-9728
Babalola, Rahmotallah M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-7435
Adesina, Afusat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-5826
Odunuga, Patricia T. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3855-0372
Ikokwu, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5126-2218
Okonu, Abigail I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3680-9891
Funding for this research was provided by:
Association of Hospital and Administrative Pharmacists of Nigeria (AHAPN), Lagos, Nigeria.
Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethical clearance and approval letter of this study were obtained from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Health Research, and Ethics Committee with Reference Number LREC/06/10/2191. The participants (PLHIV) were informed of the study’s objectives and potential benefits for the public health system in Nigeria. There were minimal risks to participants as no invasive procedure was involved. Written informed consent of each respondent was sought and obtained before the survey to ensure they were aware of their right to participate or not. Confidentiality and privacy were maintained by excluding the names and IDs of study participants from the questionnaire.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.