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Authors
Chen, Durong
Zhang, Meiling
Wen, Yalu
Han, Hongjuan
Qin, Yao
Zhang, Rong
Cao, Hongyan
Yu, Hongmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-2485
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University approved CHARLS (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants gave written informed consent.
: All authors approved the final manuscript for submission and gave consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
