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Authors
Paulo, Linda S.
Piedade, Gonçalo J.
Mayala, Simeon
Harris, Vanessa
Lenters, Virissa C.
Mende, Daniel R.
Kamuhabwa, Appolinary
Kwesigabo, Gideon
Asselbergs, Folkert W.
Chillo, Pilly
Klipstein-Grobusch, K.
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 12 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Institute for Medical Research—NATHREC-NEW-2021–353. Permission to conduct the study was sought and granted at the regional, district, and local government levels. All respondents were fully informed about the objectives and procedures of the study and were required to provide written informed consent prior to participation. The informed consent process emphasized voluntariness and the right to withdraw at any point without penalty. Participants with risks requiring medical attention, received health advice and were referred for further checkup. All interviews and sample collection were done in a manner that ensures privacy, confidentiality, and comfort to study participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
