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Authors
Pan, Yilin
Bi, Jingru
Sun, Zhaobin
Xin, JinYuan
He, Xiaonan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China ((Grant No. 62272327 and 12371527))
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the survey.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
