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Authors
Malak, Natalie
Horan, Holly
Albright, David L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study used de-identified secondary data obtained from the Alabama Department of Public Health under a data use agreement. The research involved no direct contact with human participants and no collection of new human data or tissue. Under 45 CFR 46.104(d)(4) for research involving secondary data analysis the study is exempt from ethics review. As the data were fully de-identified, informed consent was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
